144 INSECTS AFFECTING THE ORANGE. 



The larva (Fig. 64) lives upon Hickory, Oak, &c., but has been re. 

 ported as feeding also upon orange leaves. It forms a tough, rounded- 

 oval cocoon. The moth (Fig. 65) is cinnamon-brown; upon each fore- 



FIG. 64. Limacodes scapha, larva. FIG. 65. Limacodes scapha, moth. 



(Re-drawn from Harris.) (After Packard.) 



wing is a large tan -colored spot with a border of silver. It has a spread 

 of wing, in the female, of 30 mm (1.2 inches). 



The life-histories of the four species of slug-caterpillars are similar, 

 and that given above for the first species may be assumed to apply to 

 each of the others. The same parasites are probably common to them 

 all. 



BAG-WORMS. 



[Plate XII.] 



Worms living in cases made of sticks or leaves, and which they carry 

 about with them from place to place, and enlarge with their growth. 

 Pupa3 formed within the the case of the larva. Males issuing as small 

 moths, not differing greatly from others of the same family. Females 

 remaining wingless, degraded forms, to the end of their existence, when 

 they leave the protecting sack, in order to make room for their eggs, 

 and die. 



THE COMMON BAG-WORM OR BASKET-'WORM. 



(Oiketicus abbotii Grote.) 



The baskets of this species are very large, those of the female over 

 two inches long ; the sack of the male is, however, only one- third as long 

 as that of the female. , 



The caterpillar is dirty brown in color. The first three joints, which 

 bear the legs, and are protruded from the case when the animal moves 

 about, are protected by horny shields, and together with the head are 

 mottled and streaked with light and dark brown. When tyoung the 

 case is carried erect upon the upturned end of the body, but as the worm 

 grows larger and the basket becomes heavy with the weight of sticks 

 and fragments of which it is composed, it is allowed to hang down. 



The Bag- worm is an omnivorous and most voracious feeder ; nothing 

 vegetable appears to come amiss to it, and it sometimes is common 

 enough upon orange trees to do serious damage, especially as it does 

 not confine itself to the leaves, but also gnaws the tender bark of the 

 shoots and cuts off bits of the twigs with which to form its basket. The 



