Behaviour of Lower Vertebrates 113 



in which perch are kept; the keeper of these 

 fish was also present. So long as the keeper 

 walked about in front of the aquarium occupied 

 by the perch they took no notice of him; but 

 on Mr. Bartlett directing this man to walk away 

 from the tank towards the cupboard where the 

 net was kept by which food was introduced into 

 the tank, the fish became intensely excited the 

 instant the keeper made this movement and 

 rushed to and fro across their tank, erecting 

 their fins and exhibiting unmistakable emotional 

 movements. 



Much more evidence might be adduced to 

 establish the fact that the instinctive move- 

 ments made by the animals included in the 

 three lowest classes of true vertebrates result 

 from purely instinctive processes, and generally 

 become manifest in definite traits of character 

 which we are accustomed to attribute to self- 

 preservation, parental affection, anger, jealousy, 

 fear, self-reliance, and sympathy in a low form. 

 That these traits of character are the outcome of 

 instinctive processes is evident, in that to a 

 greater or less extent they are common to all 

 the orders of animals included in the three 



H 



