124 Instinct and Intelligence 



corresponding areas of the reptilian brain. 1 If 

 definite spots of a bird's pallium are stimulated 

 certain groups of muscles of the animal's limbs 

 and body are brought into action, thus showing 

 that the energy released from this part of a 

 bird's brain passes to motor centres, and thence 

 through the spinal cord to the contractile ele- 

 ments of the muscle cells. 2 After the complete 

 removal of a bird's cerebrum, although the 

 animal may continue to live for some time if 

 fed artificially, it loses all instinctive powers; 

 it, however, responds to tactile impressions by 

 reflex action. But, as Prof. Elliot Smith 

 observes, birds possess such a highly specialised 

 and diversely modified cerebrum that they 

 seem to have left the path leading to the forma- 

 tion of a true neopallium, such as that which 

 forms a characteristic feature of the Mammalian 

 brain. 



1 The Nervous System of Vertebrates, by J. B. Johnston, 

 p. 149, Fig. 74. 



2 The Evolution and Function of Living Purposive Matter, by 

 N. C. Macnamara, p. 100. 



