Man's Large Neopallium 141 



therefore more amenable to training than that 

 which constitutes the basal ganglia. 



Our knowledge of the functions performed 

 by different areas of the living substance of the 

 neopallium is based on a study of its structure, 

 and on experiments made on the brains of apes 

 and other animals. As regards human beings, 

 it is derived mainly from the destruction of 

 definite areas of the brain as the result of 

 disease or injury. The cerebral cortex, or neo- 

 pallium, in man consists of five layers of nerve 

 cells, and a subjacent mass of nerve fibres which 

 connect together the whole of the complex 

 structures forming the central nervous system. 



The convoluted cerebral cortex of the exist- 

 ing races of human beings is far more extensive 

 in proportion to the rest of the brain, and the 

 surface of their bodies than that of any of the 

 lower animals. In this respect the nearest 

 approach to the human brain is that of the 

 gorilla, which, although much inferior to man's 

 brain in superficial area, and especially as re- 

 gards its motor centre of speech, otherwise con- 

 forms structurally to the type of the human brain. 

 With a well-developed neopallium these man- 



