Mind in Animals. 345 



subjection by the power of his reason. Some, however, 

 remain and assert themselves throughout the entire period 

 of his life. 



There is the widest possible difference between reason and 

 instinct, the former being an exercise of the will, while the 

 latter is independent thereof. Instinct comes in at birth, but 

 reason is an after-growth of the mind. No exercise of 

 thought does instinct require, but when the mind reasons 

 some conclusion is deduced from the premises which it has 

 assumed. All animals, in common with ourselves, possess 

 the power of reasoning, although in a less degree. It is by 

 the superiority of our reason over theirs that we maintain 

 our supremacy. False premises often lead to wrong de- 

 ductions, but their process is still one of pure reason. With 

 them, as well as with ourselves, reason, especially in the case 

 of domestic animals, often conquers instinct, and so by con- 

 tact with a higher order of reason, that of man's, their own 

 is more fully developed. They, in a sense, become civil- 

 ized. Let a hungry dog and a cat be left in a room where 

 food is unguarded, and their instincts will urge them to jump 

 upon the table and help themselves. But if they have been 

 trained, their reason restrains their instinct, and, no matter 

 how hungry they may be, they will not touch the food until 

 it is given to them. Some few years ago a matronly lady and 

 her dog, a beautiful pug, were accustomed to take their dinner 

 at a saloon which the writer daily visited. The dog was given 

 a chair on the side opposite his mistress. He was a well- 

 mannered animal, and never during his many visits to the 

 place did he ever violate the laws of good manners. Patiently 

 he would wait until the food was put upon his plate, and not 

 even then would he take it, for he had been taught that it 

 was something that should not be hastily seized and eaten. 

 The idea that food cost money was distinctly impressed upon 

 his mind, and this the owner did by thrice repeating, " This 

 cost money." It was evident that the dog understood what 

 was said from the thoughtful look he gave her. In a little 



