Mind in Animals. 359 



But some have claimed that memory is a mere emanation 

 from the brain. That an inferior brain is coupled with an 

 inferior intellect, and that if the brain be slightly or seri- 

 ously injured, the powers of thought will be weakened or 

 utterly held in abeyance, are arguments that have been made 

 to prove that thought is the creation of the brain. The facts 

 in themselves are true, but the conclusion is false. The 

 brain is but the organ or instrument of the thought-power, 

 and stands in the same relation to it that a tool does to a 

 carpenter. However good an artisan a carpenter may be, it 

 is but common-sense to say that he cannot turn out good 

 work with a blunt instrument, or any work at all with a 

 broken one. So it is with the brain. It is but the tool of 

 the spirit, and, if it be damaged in any way, the keenest 

 intellect will not be able to work with it. Memory, more- 

 over, exists in creatures which are devoid of brain. No real 

 brain, but only a succession of nervous ganglia running the 

 entire length of the body, is found in insects, and indeed 

 in many of them the faculty of memory is very strongly 

 developed. 



Then there is the moner, a mere speck of formless pro- 

 toplasm, that has not the slightest trace of a specialized 

 nervous system, yet it has the power of throwing out arms 

 and of retracting them into the general body-mass, of opening 

 out mouths where a particle of food strikes it, of digesting 

 its food, and of circulating its fluid without the necessity of 

 canals. But how are these movements effected ? Certainly 

 a nervous influence is the prime mover of all its actions. 

 Nerve-matter, mayhap, constitutes its entire body-mass, or it 

 may be all brain as well as all muscle. Though the lowest 

 and simplest of all animal life, yet it possesses an innate con- 

 sciousness and intelligence. Memory is not wanting as a 

 faculty of the mind of this all-brain animal, which I have 

 thought fit to characterize it, as some actions of it already 

 described under the head of " Slime Animals" seem very 

 clearly to indicate. 



