•1 OF GOATS 159 



icus did for sheep, and the usage is different, for 



one of sound mind guarantees goats sound, as 



jy are never without fever.^ Accordingly the war- 



\z required contains only a few stipulations taken 



rn the general formula, and Manilius^ has left on 



ord the following: ** Do you guarantee these 



-goats as being to-day able to eat and drink 



^perly, and that the purchase is legal?" There 



a remarkable fact about goats, related also by 



chelaus:' several shepherds more observant than 



rest assert that they do not breathe through 



ir nostrils like other animals, but through their 



With regard to the second four divisions, my 

 inion about the feeding of goats is as follows. 



rommentators. The objection to the translation is, of course, 

 'hat aliter atque would in normal Latin mean "otherwise 

 ihan," but there is no reason why the passage should not mean 

 r.ico atque fit aliter. I say differently and the practice is differ- 

 j nt. This agrees perfectly with what follows. 

 I * Sine febri sunt. Geoponica, xviil, 9: ^vcucdc an TrvpirTU, 



bo on to say that "if the fever leaves them they die." 

 er interesting fact mentioned in the same chapter is 

 Miat a he-goat will not run away if you cut off his beard ! 



• Manilius. Manius (not Marcus) Manilius, a celebrated 

 ilirisconsult, the author of the Leges M anil ianae (venalium 

 \endendorum). He was Consul 149 B.C. 



' ■ Archelaus. Pliny (N. H., xviii, 3) mentions him among 

 (tie kings who have written on agriculture, and— viii, 50 — 

 ^redits him with the statement in the text Aurihus eas spirare 

 )4m naribus, nee umquam febri carere Archelaus auctor est. 



Aristotle (H. A., i, xi) says: " Alcmaeon does not speak. the 

 Vuth when he asserts that goats breathe through their ears." 



