Ill] INTRODUCTION 243 



7 The first farmers were unable, owing to their 

 poverty, to distinguish in practice between different 

 kinds of farming, and, being the children of shep- 

 herds, both sowxd and grazed the same land. The 

 produce' then increased and was distributed to 

 different people by means of money, and so it came 

 about that some were called farmers, others shep- 



8 herds. Now the shepherd's business, stock-raising, 

 is itself of two kinds, though no one has made the 

 distinction sufficiently clear — the one concerned with 

 animals raised within the precincts of the farm, the 

 other with those which are taken to graze at a dis- 

 tance in the country. The latter kind is well and 

 deservedly known under its other name oi pecuaria^ 

 cattle-raising; and in order to practise it, men of 

 large wealth possess clearings which they have 



made by reading non longe a Reatino miliario or a miliario 

 Reate, i.e., not far from the mile-stone at Reate. 



Again, one is not satisfied with Keil's transposition of cum 

 which in the Archetype comes immediately before agri and 

 makes quite good sense there. 



* Quae postea creverunt. It is difficult to understand how 

 Varro could introduce money at so early a stage in the evolu- 

 tion of society, for he so often emphasizes the fact that it came 

 late in time (and "stamped" money not until the time of 

 Serv'ius). Peculta {/ucundus) is tcmptini^. " They divided the 

 increase (cattle and corn) as private lots (pecuha).'^ For this 

 use of the word cf. Isidore (xv, 17): Omne enim patrimonium 

 aptid antiquos peculium dicehatur a pecudibus^ in qutbus eorum 

 constabat universa substantia. 



Compare with this passage Lucrctius's account of the origin 

 of property (v, 1 105, etc.) : El pecus atque agros divisere. . . . || 

 Posterius res inventast aurumque repertum. 



