22 DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 



ply a little three times a day. After the inflamma- 

 tion has been reduced, apply a blister: of eanthar- 

 ides, two drams; lard, one and a half ounces, if 

 necessary. 



Open Joint. — It sometimes happens that the 

 wound penetrates the joint and allows the synovia 

 to escape. This can be ascertained by the slippery, 

 oil}' feeling it has between the fingers. Treatment 

 — Reduce the inflammation by applying the above 

 lotion and also using a blister of cantharides. 

 Keep the jaws quiet by putting on the halter and a 

 tight nose band. Feed the animal on oatmeal 

 gruel, as it can suck this through its teeth while 

 the nose band is on. 



Fractures of the Jaw. — The upper jaw is not sub- 

 ject to this kind of injury, but the lower jaw is lia- 

 ble to be fractured by kicks, falls and blows. Frac- 

 ture of a portion of the jaw may result from the 

 animal's biting a hard substance. When the bone 

 is broken a grating sound will be heard ; in young 

 animals the jaw may be split in the center, as this 

 bone is joined in front in the young by fibrocarti- 

 lage, and in the adult it hardens into bone. The 

 fracture may be a compound one, and the bone may 

 be splintered and the skin and soft parts wound- 

 ed. Symptoms. — Difficult mastication, sometimes 

 slight bleeding, slavering, swelling, and a distinct 

 grating of the ends of the broken bone. Treat- 

 ment. — In longitudinal fractures of the chin, tie 

 the parts firmly together by twisting wire around 

 the central incisor teeth, so as to hold the bones 

 together, and bathe the part several times daily 



