DISEASES OF -HORSES AND CATTLE. 37 



by too irritating substances, such as giving strong 

 medicines, without having sufficient water or oil 

 to dilute them. Also from poisons. Symptoms. 

 — They consist of nausea, and vomiting, in the ani- 

 mals that can vomit; they are speedily followed 

 by violent colic. The horse looks around at its 

 sides, and will not stand quiet for a moment, paws 

 with its fore feet, crouches, lies down, and rolls, 

 gets up, and goes through the same thing. When 

 he turns his nose around it is always to the side 

 behind the shoulder. The pulse is quick, and al- 

 though strong at first, it soon becomes weak and 

 fast, from eighty to one hundred per minute. The 

 ears and legs are cold, and cold sweat may break 

 out all over the body. As the disease advances 

 the pulse becomes very irregular and the animal 

 appears stupid ; the pupils of the eyes are dilated, 

 and the animal may become paralyzed or may die 

 with convulsive fits, suffering intense pain, 

 through the whole course of the disease. Treat- 

 ment. — It is necessary to find out the cause. If it 

 is from giving ammonia in too concentrated a form, 

 give vinegar. If from turpentine, give opium and 

 oil. If from any of the potassiums, give oil. In 

 all cases give powdered opium in one to two dram 

 doses every two hours until relieved or death ends 

 the same. If the animal recovers, it will be neces- 

 sary to feed it on soft, easily digested food, such as 

 boiled flaxseed and ground oats in small quanti- 

 ties for a week. Give all the cold water it will 

 drink. 



