DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 45 



and the other from corn. In the last case I re- 

 moved two bushels of corn and left about one in 

 the rumen. 



There is very often an accumulation of various 

 kinds found in the second stomach of cattle, such 

 as hair balls, from licking each other, needles, 

 pins, knives, nails, etc. Nothing can be done to 

 remove these; in fact it is only after death that 

 they are found. 



Impaction of the Third Stomach (sometimes 

 called Dry Murrain). — The third stomach of cattle 

 is composed of a number of leaves, some sixty in 

 number; between these leaves food passes on to 

 the fourth stomach, which is the true digestive 

 one, and what is meant by impaction is dry, indi- 

 gestible grasses or other foods which lodge be- 

 tween the leaves, causing either stoppage or in- 

 flammation, and very often causing death, as it 

 seems to be very difficult to get medicine to act on 

 this stomach. In the fall and spring this disease 

 is most common, caused by the animal eating the 

 tough frozen grasses, over-ripe hay, and bed straw. 

 I have seen this disease destroy calves which were 

 fed on timothy hay with no soft food and little ex- 

 ercise. Symptoms: The animal refuses food, if 

 the cow is giving milk it will be partly or wholly 

 arrested, the animal does not chew its cud, the 

 nose is dry, and, if made to move, it will moan or 

 grunt; the bowels at first are constipated, what is 

 passed will be dry, hard and glazed; the back is 

 arched and the left side may be somewhat swollen. 

 As the disease advances the eyes stare and are par- 



