58 . DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 



tines of horses and cattle, composed mostly of veg- 

 etable and mineral matter, and hair balls. The 

 symptoms of these are those of colic and constipa- 

 tion, and are only found on post-mortem examina- 

 tions. The treatment is the same as for constipa- 

 tion. 



Intussusception, or invagination, is the slipping 

 of one portion of the intestine into another. This 

 occurs most often in the small gut. There are no 

 symptoms by which we can be sure that such a 

 thing exists, as the symptoms are those of severe 

 colic or inflammation of the bowels. 



Volvulus, or gut-tie, or twisting of the bowels, is 

 an accident which happens to horses from violent 

 straining, and is sometimes caused by spasmodic 

 colic. It is only after death, when an examination 

 is made, that we discover the twist. The symp- 

 toms are those of severe colic, and medicine does 

 not relieve the animal's suffering. From that we 

 conclude that some lesion of the bowels has taken 

 place. 



ENTERITIS (INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS). 



This disease may affect the mucous membrane, 

 or the walls of the bowels may be all involved. The 

 cause of inflammation of the bowels is often ob- 

 scure, although I have seen a number of cases of 

 true enteritis, where a large portion of both large 

 and small intestines were affected, and could find 

 no cause. Irritating medicine and poisons will pro- 

 duce it. Obstructions in the bowels will also cause 

 a portion of them to become inflamed. It is said that 



