DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 77 



at a dose three times a day in a small bran mash. 

 Steam the nostrils with a pail of hot water, in 

 which two ounces of turpentine have been put. 

 Keep this under the animal's nose for ten minutes 

 at a time, two or three times a day; or make a hot 

 bran mash and put one dram carbolic acid, iodine, 

 or sulphuric acid in it. If the sinuses are bulged 

 out, they must be opened. A trephine is the best 

 instrument for this purpose. A small piece of skin 

 about the size of a silver dollar is removed, then a 

 piece of the bone is sawn out. Then clean it out 

 with a syringe and use carbolic lotion. Wash out 

 twice a day. After treatment with copper for a 

 few weeks and the animal not improving, give one- 

 half ounce of Fowler's solution of arsenic twice a 

 day in a mash. All animals affected with chronic 

 catarrh should be kept by themselves in case of 

 affecting others, as it may become a case of 

 glanders. 



Epistaxis (bleeding from the nose). — This de- 

 rangement is not of frequent occurrence in horses 

 or cattle, but it sometimes takes place. 



Causes : Sneezing, coughing, or any violent exer- 

 tion, pulling heavy loads, or driving too fast, a tight 

 collar or bearing rein, especially if the animal is 

 fat, or injuries to the mucous membrane. 



Symptoms: The blood oozes from one or both nos- 

 trils, or may be forced out in a stream by violent 

 sneezing. The blood is of a dark color. Bleeding 

 from the lungs comes always from both nostrils, 

 and is of a bright scarlet color and frothy. 



Treatment: Tie up the animal's head and apply 



