DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 121 



good health. Hypertrophy is a common disease 

 in cattle and is met with in some of the finest and 

 fattest oxen. Cases are recorded in which the 

 kidneys have weighed twenty-four to twenty-seven 

 pounds. When they attain this condition the ani- 

 mal becomes unhealthy and loses flesh and soon 

 dies. There are no well-marked symptoms by 

 which atrophy and hypertrophy can be detected 

 until after death. 



Worms in Kidneys. — This is said to be a disease 

 of the hog; but worms have been found in the kid- 

 neys of the dog. I remember a case of a dog used 

 for dissection, which was in perfect health, and in 

 one of its kidneys I found three worms about one 

 inch in length and the color of the kidney. They 

 were alive. They are frequently found in the kid- 

 ney and liver of pigs which are in good health and 

 condition, and I do not know of any case in which 

 they destroyed any animal. The disease which is 

 called kidney-worm in the hog is a deranged condi- 

 tion of the nerves of the back and loins, causing 

 them to lose the use of their hind parts. If they 

 were affected by t^ie worms the symptoms would 

 be those of kidney ^disease and not of paralysis. 



Cystitis (Inflammation of the Bladder). — This is 

 a very rare disease in the domestic animals, and 

 when it is present it is usually caused by giving 

 the animal too strong diuretics, such as canthar- 

 ides; injuries, irritating urine, and sometimes from 

 inflammation of the surrounding parts. Inflam- 

 mation may involve the whole of the organ or only 

 part. The neck is the part usually affected. 



