DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 125 



give the animal one ounce of chloroform in half a 

 pint of raw linseed oil. Introduce the catheter 

 with a little more belladonna on it. Also inject 

 large quantities of hot water into the rectum, and 

 after an hour's time the neck will usually relax and 

 the catheter will pass in, or the urine may flow out. 

 If it does not relax, it will then be necessary to use 

 considerable pressure on the catheter. Never give 

 horses medicine to act on the kidneys when there 

 is retention of urine before you make an exam- 

 ination and find the cause, as great injury may be 

 done by causing an increase of urine into an over- 

 distended bladder. In the ox the catheter cannot 

 be passed as in the horse. The course of the ure- 

 thra must be traced and an incision made into it 

 about four inches down from the root of the tail, 

 then pass the catheter through the incision in the 

 bladder and the urine will flow out. The wound 

 should be closed by pins or stitches, as before men- 

 tioned. 



Paralysis of the Bladder. — Paralysis of the blad- 

 der is a cause of retention, and is best treated by 

 giving the animal nux vomica, two ounces; sul- 

 phate of iron, four ounces; divide into twenty-four 

 doses and give the animal one twice daily in its 

 food, meantime removing the urine by the cathe- 

 ter. The result of over-distention of the bladder 

 is paralysis of its walls or rupture. The first may 

 be cured by giving the above medicine, the latter 

 is always fatal. I have seen only one case of rup- 

 ture. 



Enuresis. — Incontinence of urine consists of a 



