128 DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 



There is also sometimes a deposit of a softer nature 

 resembling putty. The following is the average 

 analysis of the calculi of the horse: 



Carbonate of lime, 85.03 ; carbonate of magnesia, 

 3.62; phosphate of lime, 5.81; organic matter, 

 4.21; water and loss, 1.33; total, 100.00. 



In cattle: Carbonate of lime, 84.8; carbonate of 

 magnesia, 10.00; carbonate of iron, 0.6; organic 

 matter, 1.6; water and loss, 3.00; silicic acid incon- 

 sistent, 100.00. 



In the horse and ox carbonate of lime is present 

 in the urine at all times.; but if from some cause 

 there is an excess of it .n the urine it is liable to be 

 deposited and form iftto a stone or gravel. 



Symptoms : In thf? horse and ox there is stiffness 

 in the hind legs, switching of the tail, a frequent 

 desire to pass urine indicated by the animal 

 stretching out; the ox does not stretch out, but will 

 kick its belly with its foot ; at times the urine will 

 pass easy, when all at once it will stop, and all at- 

 tempts at further passage are in vain ; the animal 

 may sigh, or even groan, or may lie down. The 

 stoppage is caused by the stone pressing for the 

 time being against the neck of the bladder, thus 

 preventing the passage of the urine. After the 

 animal is moved the stone may pass back into the 

 body of the bladder and not trouble the animal for 

 some time; but usually the straining in passing 

 the urine forces the stone against the neck of the 

 bladder, and every time the animal passes urine it 

 will be troubled in the same way as mentioned 

 above. This may continue for a long time, not 



