DISEASES OP HORSES AND CATTLE. 131 



forceps, warmed and oiled, press these in until the 

 stone is touched; introduce the right hand into 

 the rectum, and guide the stone between the blades 

 of the forceps, grasp the handles firmly, and by a 

 rotary motion try and extract it. If this cannot be 

 done withdraw the forceps, introduce the grooved 

 director, and run the probe-pointed knife along 

 the groove of the director; then make one free in- 

 cision through the urethra, introduce the forceps 

 and remove the stone. The bladder should be 

 washed out with warm water, the wound cleaned 

 and the edges brought together by a few stitches 

 with catgut. The part should then' be bathed with 

 acetate of lead one dram, tincture of opium one 

 ounce, water half a pint. If the animal is suffer- 

 ing much pain give one to two drains of powdered 

 opium made into a ball. If much swelling takes 

 place bathe it frequently with the above lotion. 

 Sometimes the urine infiltrates into the tissue be- 

 tween the skin and flesh, setting up great inflam- 

 mation, causing the death of the animal. 



Lithotomy in the ox: The catheter cannot be 

 introduced into the urethra of the ox, and the re- 

 moval of a stone from the bladder can only be done 

 by cutting on the urethra. This is done by cutting 

 through the skin about two inches below the anus 

 and exposing the urethra and cutting through it. 

 The remainder of the treatment is the same as in 

 the horse. 



Urethral Calculi. — These stones are formed 

 sometimes in the fossa or cavity in the point of the 

 yard. When present they give rise to a stoppage 



