DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 141 



animals in civil as well as military life. In the 

 latter condition this disease, along with glanders, 

 has ever been the scourge of armies in the field. 

 (Robertson.) 



Symptoms : Mange in the horse and ox usually 

 begins in the neck, withers, and root of tail. From 

 these parts the disease extends and passes through 

 its various stages, which are first characterized 

 by round, irritable patches. During this stage 

 there is intense itching, and from the vesicles which 

 appear there oozes a watery fluid, which soon dries, 

 forming a scab. The hair drops out, and on ac- 

 count of the animal rubbing and biting itself the 

 part is left raw and sore and the skin swollen and 

 red. In the chronic stage there is not so much 

 itching. In the dog it begins on the inside of the 

 legs and scrotum, and soon spreads to the back. 

 As mange in its various forms resembles other 

 eruptive diseases of the skin it is first necessary to 

 look for the parasite, which can be done by a mag- 

 nifying glass, also tracing the origin of the conta- 

 gion. In some cases the parasite can be seen with 

 the naked eye in the glare of the sunlight. 



In the treatment of mange we must destroy the 

 parasites. It is also necessary to destroy the eggs, 

 which require stronger remedies than would kill 

 the parasites. The eggs are concealed under the 

 scales, or scabs, and are difficult to get at. First 

 wash the affected parts with soft soap and water, 

 using a brush to remove or break down as many of 

 the scabs as possible. Boil stavesacre seeds, one 

 part to twenty parts of water, for one hour, and let 



