DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 179 



CHAPTER XIII. 



GLANDERS AND FARCY. 



Glanders is a malignant contagious disease pe- 

 culiar to the horse, but can be produced in any of 

 the warm-blooded animals by inoculation. It is 

 characterized by a discharge, usually from one nos- 

 tril but sometimes from both. It is watery, vis- 

 cid, or purulent, and of a bluish color; the mucous 

 membrane of the nose and the sinuses of the head, 

 the throat, windpipe, and also the lungs are speci- 

 fically affected. There is usually an enlargement 

 of the lymphatic glands under the jaw. Glanders 

 is a very old disease. The earliest notice of this 

 disease is that by Aspyrtus, a veterinary officer in 

 the army of Constantine the Great in the fourth 

 century, and also by Vigitius. It was described 

 by these early writers on diseases of the horse as 

 Malleus, Morbis, Humidus, etc. Glanders is a dis- 

 ease of the temperate regions; it does not exist in 

 Australia and some other warm countries, nor in 

 very cold ones, although there are exceptions. It 

 exists in Norway and in Java. The cause of gland- 

 ers in the great majority of cases is either by con- 

 tagion or inoculation, and most cases can be traced. 

 On the other hand, when a number of horses have 

 been crowded together, as in times of war, and 

 where all the horses underwent such rigid inspec- 



