DISEASES OF HORSES ANT3 CATTLE. 211 



lameness in the shoulder., First, injuries to the 

 point of the shoulder caused by kicks or falls and 

 bruises; second, strains of the flexor brachii, 

 which passes over the point of the shoulder ; third, 

 strains of the muscles upon the shoulder blade 

 known as sweeny. There are also diseases of the 

 shoulder joint produced by rheumatism, causing 

 the ligaments to become thickened, and in this way 

 a stiffness of the joint takes place, and in some 

 cases the cartilages of the joint may become ulcer- 

 ated and destroy it. 



The symptoms of shoulder joint lameness: The 

 animal stands with the knee and elbow bent for- 

 ward, and resting the leg on the toe, the foot being 

 turned backward, and if the animal is made to 

 move it will drag the toe on the ground, being 

 unable to bring the leg forward. In severe lame- 

 ness the horse will not throw its leg outward and 

 forward as described by some, as this would cause 

 him too much pain. In cases where it is not severe 

 the animal will stand with its foot solid on the 

 ground inclining backward, and when moved will 

 step short on that foot and show a little lameness, 

 and if made to trot will be very lame, and the leg- 

 is not brought as far forward as the other, in some 

 cases not more than half way. In watching the 

 movements, if the horse brings its leg well forward 

 the lameness is not in the shoulder. By lifting 

 up the foot and gently bringing the leg forward 

 the animal will evince pain, as this will put the 

 muscles and joint on the stretch. In cases where 

 there is swelling and heat there is no difficulty in 



