226 DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 



on a little with the fingers, let it remain on for 

 twenty-four hours, then wash off and apply a little 

 lard. Repeat every second week and continue it 

 for several months if necessary. It usually re- 

 quires a number of applications to remove it. 

 Keep the animal in the stable and tie up his head 

 so that he cannot get his mouth to it until the 

 blister is washed off. The horse can then be turned 

 out to grass until it is time to put on another blis- 

 ter. 



Thorough-Pin. — Thorough-pin is an enlarge- 

 ment situated on the sides and upper part of the 

 hock joint, arising from disease of the sheath of 

 the back tendon. The fluid with which it is filled 

 can be pressed from one side to the other; hence 

 the term thorough-pin. It is of the same nature 

 as bog-spavin, and is caused by strains or other 

 injuries. Short, upright hock joints are more lia- 

 ble to thorough-pin than well-formed ones. They 

 seldom cause lameness and are only blemishes. 

 They can sometimes be removed by the same 

 treatment as that described for bog-spavin. 

 Puncturing has been recommended, but cases 

 which I have seen usually fill up again. Williams 

 says if a puncture is to be made at all, it should 

 be at the bottom of the swelling, sufficiently large 

 to allow the complete removal of the fluid, and it 

 should remain open for some days. No fear need 

 be entertained, although signs of pain and fever 

 may ensue, as an open bursa is not so serious as 

 an open joint I think, as it does not cause lame- 



