DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 2-lfl 



affected are the sensitive laminae and the sensi- 

 tive sole, and in very severe cases the coffin bones. 

 Causes : Some horses have a hereditary tendency 

 to this disease by inheriting badly formed feet, bad 

 management of the feet, over exertion, drinking 

 cold water when the animal is heated; horses 

 standing for a long time in railroad cars, where 

 they are obliged to brace themselves to keep 

 from falling, thus throwing great weight on their 

 feet; horses driven on hard roads when the soles 

 of their feet have been pared thin, or from the 

 shoe bearing too much on the walls of the foot; 

 standing in cold water after being warm, standing 

 too long on a hard floor without exercise, too much 

 of any kind of food, small quantities of wheat or 

 rye; sometimes one quart of wheat will founder a 

 horse. It is also caused from diseases of the stom- 

 ach, bowels, lungs, and from influenza. If this dis- 

 ease is not properly treated there are several condi- 

 tions which may take place as a result of this dis- 

 ease. The changes which take place in the foot 

 are: First, exudation, the result of the inflamma- 

 tion, usually at the toe, the foot being more sup- 

 plied with blood vessels at this part. The exuda- 

 tion may take place between the membrane cover- 

 ing the bone and the bone itself, causing an incur- 

 able lameness, and sooner or later the complete 

 destruction of the foot. In other cases the exuda- 

 tion may become absorbed, and by degrees the foot 

 becomes healthy. Second: Shrinking of the sensi- 

 tive substance takes place, causing contraction of 

 the foot and permanent lameness. Sometimes the 



