DISEASES OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 38? 



45 joints in full grown specimens. The reproduc- 

 tive organs open on one edge of the joints, the first 

 22 segments having both male and female organs, 

 the rest only female. It occurs quite frequently 

 in considerable numbers, in the cecum and colon of 

 the horse, and more rarely in the small intestine. 

 The development and the source from which 

 horses derive them are unknown. The larvae may, 

 perhaps, live in insects accidentally swallowed 

 with grass. It does not appear to produce any 

 serious disease, unless in great numbers, and may 

 be expelled by the same medicines used against 

 the human tape-worms. Fig. 21. 



A still smaller species, T. mamillana Mehlis, only 

 about half an inch long, and also without a dis- 

 tinct neck, but with wedge-shaped joints, lives in 

 the large intestine of the horse. A much larger 

 species than either of these (T. plicata Rud) lives 

 in the small intestine and sometimes in the stom- 

 ach of the horse. It grows to the length of three 

 feet or more, and has a remarkably large head, 

 with four suckers, but no hooks or proboscis. The 

 neck is short and thick, transversely plicated, and 

 the reproductive organs are in a single series on 

 one edge. If in considerable numbers, this species 

 may produce serious symptoms, such as loss of 

 flesh, tight skin, loss of strength and spirit, and 

 genera] debility." (Verrill.) 



Treatment: Clean out the horse with a dosd 

 of physic, then mix six drams of powdered areca* 

 nut and forty drops of the oil of the male shield 

 fern in a pint of milk and give at one dose. The 



