46 BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



GENUS CL.ANGULA LEACH. 

 Clang-iila hyemalis (LINN.). 



Old-squaw ; Long-tailed Duck. 



DESCRIPTION (Plate 63). 



Bill smaller and much shorter than head ; tail of 14 pointed feathers. 



Male in winter. Bill black, yellowish towards end ; iris red ; legs light lead 

 color ; head, neck and fore part of back white or whitish ; lores and cheeks gray, 

 and a blackish oblong space below ears on sides of neck ; lower part of back, upper 

 tail coverts, breast, upper part of belly and four long middle tail feathers, black ; 

 posterior part of belly white ; wings brownish. 



Female. Head, neck and lower parts mainly white; top of head, sides of same 

 and chin brownish-black ; throat streaked with dusky ; upper parts blackish-brown, 

 darker on lower back. Length of male (depends on development of four central 

 tail feathers) about 23 inches. Length of female about 18 inches ; extent about 28 

 inches. 



Habitat. Northern hemisphere ; in North America south to the Potomac and the 

 Ohio ; breeds far northward. 



Kegular spring- and fall migrant on our principal rivers, and at Erie 

 bay, but seldom seen about the smaller streams and ponds in the state. 

 This species, in winter, is frequently found on the Susquehanna from 

 Harrisburg southward. Prof. August Kock says the Old-squaw is a 

 very plentiful visitor in April on the Susquehanna river in Lycoming 

 county. The flesh of the Long-tailed Duck is quite tough, dark-colored 

 and fishy. The stomachs of five of these ducks, shot last winter near 

 Harrisburg, contained fish, mussels, beetles and sand. 



GENUS SOMATERIA LEACH. 

 Somateria spectabilis (LiNN.). 



King Eider. 



DESCRIPTION. 



Bill high at base, shorter than head ; frontal feathers and those of chin extend far 

 forward. 



Male in winter. Bill (dried skin) brownish-yellow, darker toward end ; legs 

 brownish ; eyes dark-brown ; head reddish-brown, darkest on top, brightest on sides, 

 and faintly spotted with dusky ; throat and most of neck blackish ; jugulurn dirty 

 yellowish-white with dusky spots ; sides mostly dull black ; breast and under parts 

 generally grayish-brown ; upper parts dark brownish ; feathers of fore-back, 

 scapulars, wing coverts and about root of tail, edged with rusty and gray. The 

 female in winter is very similar to male, as described above, except she has less 

 black, especially on neck which is dark reddish-brown, very much same as the sides 

 of head of male. 



Habitat. Northern parts of northern hemisphere ; breeding in the Arctic regions; 

 in N orth America south casually in winter to New Jersey.and the Great Lakes. 



Accidental winter visitor at Erie bay, where, on the 30th of November, 

 1889, a flock of probably eighteen or twenty individuals made their ap- 



