APPENDIX. 415 



Ear'ed. Having lengthened or highly colored auricular or other feathers on the 



side of the head. 

 Ear-tufts. Erectile tufts of elongated feathers springing from each side of the crown 



or forehead, and presenting a close superficial resemblance to the external ears 



of many mammalia. They are especially characteristic of certain owls. 



(Strigidce). 



Edg'ed. Having the edge or lateral margin of a different color. 

 Edge of wing. The anterior border of the wing, from the armpit to the base of the 



outer primary. 



El'evated. Said of the hind toe when inserted above the level of the others. 

 Elon gate. Lengthened beyond the usual ratio. 



An emarginate tail has the middle feather shortest, the rest suc- 



Einarg'inate. 

 Em arg' mated. 



cessively a little longer ; hence our emarginate tail is very 

 slightly forked. An emarginate quill has the web suddenly nar- 



rowed by an abrupt cutting away of the edge. 

 Excres'cence. Outgrowth, fleshy, or cutaneous. 



^ re " > The nest of a bird of prey, especially an eagle. 

 Ey'rie. 5 



F. 



Fa 'cial. Pertaining to the face. 



Fal'cate. Sickle-shaped ; scythe-shaped. 



Fam'ily. A systematic group in scientific classification) embracing a greater or less 

 number of genera which agree in certain characters not shared by other birds 

 of the same Order. In rank, a Family stands between Order and Genus, the 

 former being composed of a greater or less number of nearly related families. 

 In zoological nomenclature the name of a Family is taken from a typical Ge- 

 nus, the name of which is modified by the termination idee ; as Falconidoe, Co- 

 lumbidce, etc. Subfamilies are distinguished by the termination ince. 



Fau'na. The animal-life of a country or locality. 



Ferrugin'eous. > Rusty . red . like color of irO n-rust 



Ferru'ginous. > 



Filament, A slender or thread-like fibre. 



Flanks. The most posterior feathers of sides. 



Fore'head. ) Front of head from bill to crow n. 



Front. 



Fore'neck. A rather indefinite and arbitrary term, variously applied, but usually 

 referring to the lower throat and jugulum, though not infrequently to the 

 whole of the space included by the chin, throat and jugulum. In long-necked 

 birds only does the term become of definite application. 



Form. In a special sense, a sort of non-committal term frequently used by modern 

 writers to designate what is of doubtful rank. The term "form" is thus used 

 lor what may prove to be a species, or may be only a race, but as to the rank 

 of which the author is in doubt. 



Fos'sa. A ditch or groove. Used chiefly in the plural (Fossce) to denote the pits or 

 grooves in which most birds' nostrils open. 



Fos'ter parent. A bird which has reared the young of a parasitic species. 



Front'al. Pertaining to the forehead. 



Frugiv'orous. Fruit-eating. 



Fulig'inous. Sooty brown, or dark smoke-color. 



Ful'vous. Of a brownish-yellow color ; tawny. 



Fur'ca* e. Forked. 



Fus'cous. Dark-brown, of a rather indefinite . 



