422 BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



Serrate. , Toot hed like a saw. 



Ser'rated. 



Seia ceous. Bristly ; bristled. 



Sex ual. Pertaining to sex. 



Shaft. The mid-rib of a feather. 



Shank. Properly the shin or tibial segment of the leg. 



Side of Neck. The space included between the cervix and the jugulum. 



Sides. The lateral portions of the inferior surface of a bird's body, extending from 

 near the armpits to and including the flanks. The sides are subdivisible into 

 (1) sides of breast, (2) sides proper, and (3) flanks. 



Slate co'lor. A dark gray, or blackish gray color, less bluish in tint than plumbe- 

 ous or lead color. 



Spe'cies. Aggregate of individuals related by genetic succession without notable 

 change of physical characters whereby they are distinguished from all other 

 beings. 



Specific. Of, or relating to a species ; as specific name, specific character. 



Spec' ulum. Mirror ; brightly colored area on the secondaries, especially of certain 

 ducks. 



Spher'ical. Having the form of a sphere or globe. 



Spi'nose. ") 



Spi'iious.} Having spines. 



Spu'rious False ; imperfect; bastard; rudimentary. 



Spu'rious Pri'mary. The first primary when much reduced in size. 



Spu'rious Wing. The alula or bastard wing. 



Squam'ose. ) _ 



> Scaly ; scale like. 

 Squam'ous. J 



Stage. Used specially for the progressive plumages ot birds, as the adult stage, 



downy stage, etc. 

 Steganopo'des. A group of "Swimming Birds" characterized by having the hind 



toe united, on the inner side, to^-he inner anterior one by a full web. 

 Strag'ulum. Mantle; back and folded wings taken together. Same as pallium. 

 Straw-col' or. A very light impure yellow, like cured straw. 



Striate. ) strea ked. 



Stri'ated. ) 



Stri'dent. Shrill. 



Sub-ba'sal. Near the base. 



Subfam'ily. A sub-division of a family including one or more genera. 



Subge'nus. A sub-division of a genus, of indefinite value, and frequently not rec- 

 ognized by name except in the grouping of species. 



Sub-or'd-r. A group intermediate in taxonomic rank between an order and a 

 family. 



Sub-spe'cies. A nascent species; a variation, usually geographical, of a species, 

 but not accorded full specific rank on account of the incompleteness of its dif- 

 ferentiation ; hence, usually a geographical race or form. 



Subu'late. Awl-shaped. 



Sul phur Yel'low. A very pale pure yellow color, less orange in tint than dilute 

 gamboge or lemon-yellow. 



Supercil'iary. Above the eye. 



Superior'. Lying over, above or uppermost. 



Supra-auri'cular. Situate above the auriculars. 



Supralo'ral. Situate above the lores. 



Su'pra-or'bitaL Situate over the orbit. 



Syn onyrn. A different word of the same or similar meaning. Also written syn- 

 onym e. 



Synon'ymous Expressing the same meaning in different terms. 



Syuon'ymy. A collection of synonyms. 



