APPENDIX. 423 



T. 



Tail. See cauda. 

 Tail-cov'erts. The most posterior feathers of the body, or those which immediately 



cover the basal portion of the tail. 

 Tar 'sal. Relating the tarsus. 

 Tar'sus. In descriptive ornithology, the leg of a bird, or that portion from the foot 



(that is, the toes) to the heel joint. 

 Tavv'ny. The color of tanned leather. 

 Tax 'i derm isr. A person who prepares and preserves the skins of animals, with the 



view to imitate their appearance in life. 



Taxkl'ermy. Art of preparing and preserving skins so as to represent the appear- 

 ance of the living animal. 

 Ter'minal. At the end. 



( Properly, the inner quills of the wing, growing from the elbow or 



, burner us and usually more or less concealed (in the closed wing) 



61 V by the longer scapulars. Frequently, however, the graduated inner 



s ' | secondaries are incorrectly so-called, especially when distinguished, 



^ as they very often are, by different, color, size, or shape. 

 Thorac'ic. Pertaining to the chest or thorax. 

 Tho'rax. The chest ; segment of the body enclosed by ribs, sternum (breast-bone), 



and certain vertebrae, containing heart and lungs. 

 Throat, In descriptive ornithology, the space between the rami of the lower jaw, 



including also a small portion of the upper part of the foreneck. 

 Tib'ia. Principal and inner bone of leg between knee and heel ; but in descriptive 



ornithology, called "thigh." 

 Tib'ial. Pertaining to the tibia. 



To'mium. The cutting-edge of the mandibles. Plural tomia. 

 Totipal'mate. Having all four toes webbed. 

 Transverse'. Crosswise ; in direction at right angle with longitudinal axis of the 



body. 



Tridac'tyle. Three-toed. 

 Trinomial. Composed of three names. In Biology, a name composed of three 



terms, a generic, a specific, and a subspecific. 

 Trun'cate Cut squarely off. 

 Type. Of various significations in ornithology. The type of a genus is that species 



from which the generic characters have been taken, or which is specified as 



the standard ; the type of a species is the particular specimen from which the 



species was originally described. The type, or typical, form of a group is that 



which answers best to the diagnosis of that group. 



TJ. 



Uii'der Parts. The entire lower surface of a bird, from chin to crissum, inclusive. 

 Un'guis. A claw. 



Up per Parts. The entire upper surface, from forehead to tail, inclusive. 

 U-shaped. Having the form of the letter U. 



V. 



Vane. The whole of a feather excepting the stem. 



Vari'etal. Pertaining to or having the characteristics of a variety. 



Van'ety. Properly, an individual or unusual and irregular variation from the nor- 

 mal type of form or coloration, as the various breeds or " strains " of domestic 

 animals. But the term is often, though improperly, applied to subspecies, or 

 geographical races. 



Vent, The anus. 



Vent ral. Pertaining to the belly. 



Vent ral Re'gion. The feathers surrounding or immediately adjacent to the vent 



