214 APPENDIX. 



III. COLORS. 



COLORS STRIKING OR BRIGHT. 



1. Blue backs. Blue jay, bluebird (azure blue), nut- 

 hatch (slate-blue), kingfisher (slate-blue), indigo-bird, black- 

 throated blue warbler, barn swallow (steel-blue). 



2. Chestnut or red breasts. Bluebird, robin, crossbills 

 (male), scarlet tanager (male), chewink. 



3. Yellow or orange throats. Blackburnian warbler, Ma- 

 ryland yellow-throat, summer yellow-bird, yellow-throated 

 vireo. 



4. Yellow or orange breasts. Yellow - throated vireo, 

 summer yellow-bird, goldfinch, oriole, meadow-lark, Black- 

 burnian warbler, Maryland yellow-throat. 



5. Red patch on top or back of head in males. Ruby- 

 crowned kinglet, woodpeckers, kingbird. 



6. Red heads (entire head and neck red or madder pink). 

 Red-headed woodpecker, purple finch (old males), crossbills 

 (males). 



7. Birds wholly or largely black (males). Crow, black- 

 birds, cowbird, redstart (salmon patches on breast, wings, 

 and tail), bobolink (whitish patches on nape of neck and 

 back), rose - breasted grosbeak (carmine patch on breast, 

 belly white), chewink (white breast, brown sides), oriole 

 (orange below). 



COLORS DULL OR PLAIN. 



1. Upper parts olive-green. Breast unspotted: Kinglets 

 (patch of red or yellow in crown), vireos (top of head un- 

 marked), tanager (female), crossbills (females). Breast 

 spotted : Oven-bird (crown patch orange-brown bordered 

 with black). 



2. Upper parts olive-gray. Cuckoos (tail very long, bill 

 curved), great-crested flycatcher. 



3. Upper parts dusky grayish-olive. Phoebe (length about 



