216 APPENDIX. 



finch (becomes flaxen-brown above and brownish-yellow be- 

 low), scarlet tanager (becomes greenish-yellow), yellow- 

 rumped warbler (becomes brownish). 



BIRDS SHOWING WHITE ON TAIL FEATHERS IN FLIGHT. 



Meadow-lark, vesper sparrow, junco, chewink (white tri- 

 angles on corners of tail), rose-breasted grosbeak, several 

 warblers, kingbird (white crescent bordering tail). 



IV. SONGS. 



SINGERS. 



1. Particularly plaintive. Bluebird, white-throated spar- 

 row, hermit thrush, meadow-lark, wood pewee. 



2. Especially happy. Bobolink, song sparrow, goldfinch, 

 indigo-bird, chickadee. 



3. Short songs. Robin, chickadee, bluebird, Maryland 

 yellow- throat, meadow-lark, great- crested flycatcher, whip- 

 poorwill, white-crowned sparrow. 



4. Long songs, with definite beginning, middle and end. 

 Hermit thrush, indigo-bird, thrasher, chewink, song, field, 

 tree, fox, white-crowned, and white-throated sparrows. 



5. Long songs, without definite beginning, middle, and end. 

 Purple finch, catbird, goldfinch, warbling vireo. 



6. Long loud songs. Oriole, scarlet tanager, oven-bird, 

 rose - breasted grosbeak, chewink, winter wren, brown 

 thrasher. 



TRILLERS. 



(Saying tee-ka-tee-ka-tee-ka, or words to that effect.) 

 Low. Redstart, summer yellow-bird, black and white 



creeper, junco, chippy, brown creeper, swift (saying chippy- 



chippy-chirio), nuthatch. 



Loud. Yellow hammer (if -if -if -if -if -if -if ), kingfisher 



(alarm), oven-bird (saying teacher). 



