Structural Peculiarities and Behavior 59 



methods. This model was made eighty times the size of the ear. 

 It was then reduced in the process of photographic reproduction 

 to sixteen times the natural size of the ear in the mouse. Figure 

 1 1 is a photograph of Baginsky's model. It shows beyond ques- 

 tion the presence of three canals of the same general form and 

 relations as those of the common mouse and of other mammals. 

 Baginsky's paper is, brief and to the point. His criticisms 

 of the work of both Cyon and Rawitz are severe, but they are 

 justified in all probability by the carelessness of these investi- 

 gators in the fixation of their materials. Of the five skilled his- 

 tologists who have examined the ear of the dancer, Rawitz alone 

 found markedly abnormal canals. It is highly probable, there- 

 fore, that the canals in his preparations in some way became 

 distorted before the ears were sectioned. He doubtless described 

 accurately the conditions which he found, but the chances are 

 that those conditions never existed in the living animals. 



The conflicting statements of Rawitz and Panse stimulated 

 interest, and as a result two other investigators, without knowl- 

 edge of one another's work, began careful researches on the 

 dancer's ear. One, Alexander (2 and 3), worked in coop- 

 eration with the physiologist Kreidl; the other, Kishi (21), 

 worked independently. The anatomical papers of Alex- 

 ander and Kishi appeared at about the same time, and since 

 neither contains a reference to the other, it is evident that the 

 investigations were carried on almost simultaneously. Alex- 

 ander's descriptions are more detailed than those of Rawitz 

 and Panse, and in certain respects Kishi 's are even more 

 thoroughgoing. The first paper published by Alexander 

 and Kreidl (i) contains the results of observations on the habits 

 and behavior of the dancers. Having examined the chief 

 facts of function, these investigators attempted to discover 

 the structural conditions for the peculiarities of behavior 

 which they had observed. 



