42 HYDROIDA 



added the seas to the south of the Faroe Islands at the depth of 70150 fathoms. All the finds are 

 thus situated in the boreal area, on the border of the warmer Atlantic regions (Text-fig. L). 



Gen. Monobrachium Mereschkowsky. 



Reptant colonies, whose cylindric polyps are provided with a solitary large tentacle. Besides 

 the nourishing individuals bearing tentacles, also machozooids with no mouth and no tentacles occur. 

 The polyps have no distinct stem and are not covered with perisarc. The gonophores are eumedusoid 

 and attached to the stolons. 



The very peculiar Arctic genus of hydroids first described by Mereschkowsky (1877) has been 

 more closely investigated by Wagner (1890) and Bonne vie (1899). In the only species known of this 

 genus the eumedusoid gonophores have a rudimentary spadix, and the germ cells are accordingly 

 developed along the radials canals. On this ground Bounevie maintains that the species is closely 

 related to the Leptomedusae, and that the genus has to be placed proximately between athecate and 

 thecaphore hydroids. Ktihn (1913), on the other hand, holds that the organisation of the gonophore 

 cannot be considered as any certain proof justifying such a supposition, and points out that the trans- 

 ition of the gonophore from independent free existence into sessile mode of life can effect a secondary 

 displacement of the gonads in many different ways without any necessity that this should be indica- 

 tive of nearer or remoter relationship. Apart from this, however, there is an additional reason against 

 the supposition of Bonnevie. As is pointed out by Vanhoffen (1909), we have in hand a medusa- 

 form obviously nearly related, Catablema, which, when somewhat damaged, is very easily mistaken 

 for a Leptomedusa, but which is, in fact, a genuine Tiaride. Vanhoffen even presumes that Cata- 

 blema really is the medusoid generation of Monobrachium. But in that case it remains to show that 

 the gonophores of Monobrachium are not sessile as they have hitherto generally been supposed to be. 



The explanations of Vanhoffen (1909) and Kuhn(i9i3) make good that Monobrachium takes 

 no intermediate place between athecate and thecaphore hydroids. But the place of the genus among 

 the athecate hydroids would still be equally uncertain if the peculiar species Campaniclava clionis 

 Vanhoffen (1909) had not shown us, by its heterogeneous development of the tentacles, the unquesti- 

 onable link between Monobrachium and the normal-looking forms of Clava. Therefore there is no 

 reason any longer to regard the genus as the representative of a peculiar family; as pointed out by 

 Vanhoffen, it ought to be classed with the Clavidae. 



Monobrachium parasitum Mereschkowsky. 

 1877 Monobrachium parasitum, Mereschkowsky, On a new Genus of Hydroids, p. 225, pi. 5 ^S- J 6 



pi. 6 fig. 714. 

 1899 parasiticum Bonnevie, Norske Nordhavs Expedition, p. 51. 



Reptant colonies, whose polyps are dimorphically developed; beside cylindric polyps with ori- 

 fice and a vigorous tentacle, also machozooids without mouth or tentacles occur. The nourishing 



