10 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. 



and H. macilenta Kr. show that his investigation of nature is not any deeper or more trustworthy 

 than of the literature 1 . 



A. Brachyura. 



i. Stenorhynchus longirostris Fabr. 



1775. Cancer longirostris J. C. Fabricius, Syst. Entom. p. 408. 



! 1863. Stenorhynchus longirostris Heller, Crust, siidl. Eur. p. 23, Taf. I, Fig. 12. 

 1900. A. M.-Edwards & E. L. Bouvier, Exped. Scient. du Travailleur et du 



Talisman, Crust. Dec., I, p. 156, PL XXII, fig. 6. 



Occurrence. The"Ingolf" has not taken this species, but it is to hand from two other sources. 

 Fseroe Bank (Dr. Jorgensen); i specimen. 



6o55'N. L., 856'W. L., 69101., temp. 9-3 ("Michael Sars", 1902); i spec. 



The first-named bank is most probably the same as the second ; it lies south-west of the Fseroes. 



Distribution. The locality just mentioned is the most northerly hitherto observed for the 



distribution of this somewhat southerly species. It was known previously however from 59 12' N. L,., 



5 57' E. L. (Norman), from the Shetland Isles (Norman), the Hebrides (Norman), further south in the 



Irish Sea (Walker), Cornwall and Devon (Norman), and places on the east coast of England, North- 



1 In '-Fauna Arctica" B. II (p. 3594) is found "Arktische und subarktische Pantopoden. Zusammengestellt 

 von K. Mobius". In the "Allgemeiner Teil" (p. 38) we read: " Michael Sars und G. Ossian Sars, sowie nach ihnen 

 viele andere Faunisten des nordostlichen Atlantischen Oceans betrachten den nordlichen Polarkreis als Grenzlinie zwischen 

 dem Wohngebiet der arktischen und subarktischen Seetiere''; the number after G. O. Sars' name refers to a footnote which 

 gives the title of Mollusca Reg. arct. Norveg. 1878. But in the cited work of Sars of 1878 this excellent author does nothing 

 of the kind; on the contrary, he states (p. 2) that "the whole of the deep region along our southern and northern coast to 

 North Cape thus belongs undoubtedly to the warm area, and the ice-cold water which fills the great basin below 300 fm. in 

 the ocean lying beyond right to the level of Stadt (ca. 62 N. L.) is everywhere marked off from the coast by the long ex- 

 tended barrier ". This citation alone is surely sufficient to prove that Sars in 1878 already did not set the boundary 

 "zwischen dem Wohngebiet" of the arctic and boreal marine animals at the Polar Circle. Sars did something quite different; 

 he investigated the character of the fauna at the different places and then determined where it was arctic and where not. 

 He brought into his work the forms found on the Norwegian coast north of the Polar Circle, but he showed that the fauna 

 in deeper water along the west coast of Norway right to the North Cape was indeed not arctic. It is possible though cer- 

 tainly extremely doubtful that "viele andere Faunisten des nordostlichen Atlantischen Oceans" have in the period from 

 1878 to 1900 considered the northern Polar Circle as the boundary between "dem Wohngebiet" of the arctic and boreal 

 marine forms; if so, then these "Faunisten" have shown almost as little acquaintance with what they were writing about as 

 a number of the authors in "Fauna Arctica". Even if G. O. Sars had written in 1878 what K. Mebius ascribes to him, it 

 would still never be permitted to retain such a view in our time after the publication of the Norwegian North-Atlantic Ex- 

 pedition Report and of the Hydrography in the "Ingolf" Expedition Report. In spite of some speculation I have not 

 succeeded in understanding how any one could formulate the principle which the author employs in the elaboration of the 

 lists given p. 41, on "rein arktische Pantopoden" and on those that are "Arktisch und subarktisch". The species which the 

 "Ingolf has taken in deep to very deep water with positive bottom-temperatures round the southern part of Greenland are 

 noted as "arktische", if they are not known from more southern regions, otherwise as "arktische und subarktische" and 

 in both cases the procedure is perfectly incorrect. Thus, for example, Pallene acus Mein., Pallene hastata Mein. and Pallenopsis 

 plumipes Mein. are made "rein arktische", but Paranymphon spinosum Caull., Colossendeis colossea Wils. and C. macerrima Wils. 

 arctic and subarctic in both cases quite incorrectly, as all 6 species are deep-water species in the Atlantic. Some of them 

 were taken earlier much more to the south than by the "Ingolf, and all 6 might be expected to be distributed in the 

 greater part of the Atlantic, a few even perhaps in the Pacific, but such species could not easily be considered either arctic 

 or subarctic, just as little as the deep-water Decapoda taken at South Greenland mentioned in this work, for example, the two 

 species of Polycheles, Galacantha restrain, etc. That Mobius should make such references is all the more strange as, following 

 Meinert, he gives both depth and bottom-temperature for the 6 species named. Such references can only do harm. For 

 the rest the work seems to be a careful summary of the literature and localities; the original contributions in the form of 

 remarks on some species are, in agreement with the title of the treatise, extremely few; the whole might best be consid- 

 ered as almost superfluous literature of rather less use than the reverse. 



