64 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. 



(Buchholz). At Jan Mayen it has been taken in 16 122 fm. (Koelbel). At Iceland it has been found 

 in the fjords of the west coast (0nundar Fjord), north coast (0fjord) and east coast (Faskrud Fjord) 

 in 4 to 10 fni.; off the coast it has been taken by the "Thor" at the following places: 



East of North Iceland: 66O2'N. L., no5'W. L., 478553 fni. 



South of Iceland: 63 15' N. L., 22 23' W. L., 115173 fm. 



At the Fseroes it is not common; I have only seen a few specimens from respectively Thors- 

 havn and Sandvaag on Vaag Island. 



Distribution. This species has been taken at the Shetlands and Hebrides (Norman). It also 

 occurs at Bohuslan (Goes), in the Skager Rak (Intern. Explor.), on the south, west and north coasts 

 of Norway (M. Sars, Appellof), along the whole coast of the Murman Sea and in the White Sea 

 (Birula), at Franz Joseph Land (Heller and Scott), in the Barents Sea, in depths from 37 to 192 fm. 

 (Hoek); it is common round about Spitzbergen (G. O. Sars, Dofleiu) aud it has been taken west of 

 this in 459 fm. (G. O. Sars). It is also common in the Kara Sea, 46 91 fin. (Hansen), but is unknown 

 further to the east along the north coast of Asia. On the east coast of North America it goes as far 

 south as 41 34 I //N. L.; from there and to Halifax in Nova Scotia it has been taken a number of 

 times in 10 15 fm. and down to 306 fm. (Smith); it is also known from the St. Lawrence estuary 

 (Whiteaves) and at Labrador (Smith). Lastly, it is noted from the waters north of Bering Straits 

 (Stimpson), also in the Bering Sea, Sea of Ochotsk and at the Aleutians "eastward to Kadiak, to a 

 depth of 283 fathoms" (Mary Rathbun). //. polaris is thus an arctic species, which extends deeply 

 into the boreal region and is found both in positive and negative bottom-temperatures. It is taken at 

 all depths from 30 fm. and down to 478 553 fm. ("Thor"). 



Remarks. The species attains a larger size in depths of ca. 50 fm. and more than in shallower 

 water; as was to be expected the shallow-water specimens which live at East Greenland are on the 

 whole larger than those at West Greenland. Amongst the specimens from the "Ingolf" St. 116 are 

 some which are very large; one $ is 81-5 mm., a male 73-5 mm. long; the largest specimen I have 

 seen, a J 84 mm. long, was taken at 694o'N. L., 23V 2 W. L., 120 fm., but Vanhoffen states that he has 

 had a specimen of 88 mm. in length from Karajok Fjord (ca. 70 20' N. L.); Ohlin states that he has 

 seen a specimen 89 mm. long from East Greenland. In 1895 I wrote that some females with eggs 

 were taken by the Ryder Expedition to East Greenland on the following dates: August 1891, 

 13 th Dec. 1891, io th Jan. 1892, 8 th Febr. and 27 th April 1892; from these we may conclude that the 

 species at least at this very cold locality (Hekla Harbour) has no definite spawning period, but seems 

 to be able to spawn throughout the whole or almost the whole year. 



58. Spirontocaris groenlandica J. C. Fabr. 



1775. Astacus Groenlandicus J. C. Fabricius, SysL Entom. p. 416. 

 1780. Cancer aculeatus O. Fabricius, Fauna groenl. n. 217, p. 239. 

 ! 1842. Hippolyte aculeata Kroyer, Kgl. D. Vid. Selsk. math.-naturv. Afh., Niende Del, p. 334, Tab. IV, 



Fig. 83 98 og Tab. V, Fig. 99104. 

 Occurrence. This species was only found once by the "Ingolf. 



