ARISTOTLE 



"Move- (50) 

 ment" and 

 Form. 



(c) as regards Place : Locomotion (^opa), either (i) in a 



circle, or (ii) in a straight line. 

 Sometimes Aristotle includes yeWai? and <f>dopd as a 

 fovirth subdivision of Kitn^ais, thus making KivTjais 

 embrace every variety of change. (See also Met. A 

 1069 b 8 ff.) 

 DeQnitioD. (49) The definition of Kivrfais which he gives at Phys. 201 

 a 1 1 ff. is this : ij tov Swafxei ovtos evreXexf'-O'i ?5 toiovtov, 

 KLirqais ioriv : " Movement " is the realizing of that 

 which is potentially X, qua potentially X. For example, 

 to take the case of dAAota>ai9, Kimjais is the altering of a 

 thing which is alterable, fpia alterable ; and so with the 

 other modes of potentiality. 



It will be seen at once that, in order to set going the 

 Kivinaeis by which the various potentialities are to be 

 realized. Motive Causes are required. And the thing 

 which causes the " movement," says Aristotle {Phys. 

 202 a 10), will always bring with it some Form (maybe 

 some ovala, or some quality, or some quantity), which 

 will be a " principle " and a cause of " movement." In 

 other words, the " movement " will be informed, deter- 

 mined, characterized, in such a way that it will produce 

 a thing which has a certain ovoia, or quality, or quantity. 

 The agent (or Motive Cause), then, will set up in the 

 material a " movement " which will result in the material 

 which is potentially A becoming A in actuality, that is 

 to say, in its acquiring the same Form as that which the 

 agent possessed. And this result is brought about, 

 generally, by the use of an intermediary, an " instru- 

 ment " (see App. B §§ 6, 15), to which the agent imparts 

 the " movement " for transmission. 



All these sorts of Kiirqais, Aristotle points out {De anima 

 415 b 22 ff.), are derived from Soul ; they are not found 

 apart from Soul. This is because Soul is the Cause 

 (atVia) and principle {apxq) of the living body : it is alike 

 its Motive Cause, its Final Cause and its Formal Cause 

 {ibid. 415 b 8 ff.), and it is situated in the heart. We 

 must not forget, however, that in the long run klvt^ois, 

 at any rate Kivrjais of inorganic things, is due to the 

 L'nmoved Mover, from whom " movement " is mediated 

 by the heavenly bodies to the Lower Cosmos (App. A 

 §§ 3 ff.) ; and even in the case of living things (" things 



" Move- (51 

 ment" 

 derived 

 from Soul, 



and from 



the 



Unmoved 



Mover. 



Ix 



