ARISTOTLE 



Generation in Blooded Animals — IV. Ovipara {laying 

 imperfect eggs) 



BK. CH. 



III. 4 Fishes (B) Fishes other than Selachia. 



(a) Growtli of the egg : a process comparable with fermenta- 

 tion. 



5 (6) Erroneous theories : 



( 1 ) Fisti are not oviparous and have no sex distinction ; 



(2) swallowing of milt ; 



6 (3) apocryphal methods of copulation in birds ; 

 (4) stories about trochos and hyena. 



7 Method of action of male birds and male fishes upon the eggs 



contrasted. 



Generation in Bloodless Animals 



8 (A) Cephalopods and Crustacea. 



9 (B) Insects. 



(a) The larva is comparable to the earliest stage of an egg. 

 All Insects, whether formed as a result of copulation 



, or by spontaneous generation, originate from larvae. 



(b) Development of the larva. 



10 (c) Bees. Hornets and Wasps. 



11 (C) Testacea : intermediate between animals and plants. 



Various animals proper to the various Elements. Moon- 

 and Fire-animals. 



(a) Side-shoot (quasi-seminal) propagation, etc. 



(b) Spontaneous generation : the action of pneuma. The 

 theory expounded. Traditional view of the origin of 

 animals. The process of development resembles that 

 of larvae. Examples of spontaneous generation. 



Origin of Sex-differentiation in the Individual and 



Inheritance 



IV. 1 (a) Various theories : Anaxagoras, Empedocles, Democritus, 

 Leophanes. 

 (b) The fundamental distinction between male and female is 

 that the male can concoct and discharge semetf ; the 

 female cannot concoct or discharge semen, but can receive 

 it : the difference of the sex-organs is consequent upon 

 this distinction, and therefore the sex of the developing 

 embryo is so too. Thus the ultimate source of sex-distinc- 

 tion is the heart, which provides the vital heat necessary 

 for concoction. Further statement on the difference of 

 formation of the sexual organs. 



2 (c) Facts cited to support theory. 



(d) Impprtance of (TvntL^Tpia, both internally and ext€mally 

 (" blend " of climate). 



3 («) Resemblance to parents. Theory of inheritance. 

 (Jf) Fallings away from type : 



Male changes over to female. 

 Father changes over to mother. 



Ixxiv 



