GENERATION OF ANIMALS, IV. iii. 



I >frspring must of necessity be produced by animals." 

 As for monstrosities, they are not necessary so far 

 as the purposive or final cause is concerned, yet per 

 accidens they are necessary, since we must take it 

 that their origin at any rate is located here. Thus : 

 If the seminal residue in the menstrual fluid is well- 

 concocted, the movement derived from tlie male 

 will make the shape after its own pattern.^ (It 

 comes to the same thing whether we say " the 

 semen " or " the movement which makes each of the 

 parts grow " ; or whether we say " makes them 

 grow " or " constitutes and ' sets ' them from the 

 beginning " — because the logos of the movement is 

 the same either way.) So that if this movement 

 gains the mastery it v,-il\ make a male and not a 

 female, and a male which takes after its father, not 

 after its mother ; if however it fails to gain the 

 mastery, whatever be the " faculty " in respect of 

 which it has not gained the mastery, in that " faculty " 

 it makes the offspring deficient. " Faculty," as 

 appUed to each instance, I use in the following sense. 

 The generative parent is not merely male, but in 

 addition a male with certain characteristics, e.g., 

 Coriscus or Socrates ; and it is not merely Coriscus, 

 but in addition a human being. And it is of course 

 in this sense that, of the characteristics belonging 

 to the generating parent, some are more closely, 

 some more remotely his, qua procreator (not qua 

 anything else he may be per accidens, e.g., suppos- 

 ing he were a good scholar or somebody's next-door 

 neighbour) ; and where generation is concerned, it 

 is always the peculiar and indi\idual characteristic 

 that exerts the stronger influence. Thus : Coriscus 

 is both a human being and an animal ; but the 



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