GENERATION OF ANIMALS, IV. iv. 



waVj in accordance with Nature (i.e., whenever the 

 " formal " nature has not gained control over the 

 " material " nature)." Hence, people do not call 

 things of this sort monstrosities any more than they 

 do in the other cases where something occurs habitu- 

 ally — as happens with fruit. Thus, there is a certain 

 sort of vine — " smokv " * is the name some people 

 give it ; — and if it bears black grapes they do not 

 reckon it as a monstrosity, because it often and 

 habitually does this. The reason is that it is inter- 

 mediate in its nature between white and black, and 

 so the alteration is quite small and not really contrary 

 to nature, because it is not an alteration to a different 

 nature. 



These things, then, occur in the case of the animals 

 which produce numerous young, because the numer- 

 ous offspring which are produced hamper each other's 

 being brought to perfection and also the movements 

 which effect generation. 



A puzzle may be raised about this production of Relation of 

 numerous offspring and the redundance of parts, and and"deUci-^ 

 the production of few or one offspring and the ency of 

 deficiency of parts : sometimes animals are born the number 

 having too many toes, some having one only : and ?[^°f*f"°^ 

 the same vvith the other parts : some have too many ; stances 

 some are mutilated ; some actually have two organs "'*'^" 

 of generation, one male and the other female. This 

 happens with human beings, and with goats especi- 

 ally. Goats are born which are called tragainai '' on 

 account of their possessing both male and female 

 organs of generation. We have also had an instance 

 of a goat being born that had a horn on its leg. Altera- 



to be sufficiently unusual or unnatural to be of any terato- 

 logical significance. ' Hermaphrodites. 



427 



