GENERATION OF ANIMALS, V. vii. 



in general, deepness depends upon a certain size of 

 that which is set in movement ; but if the statement 

 were wholly true, it would not be easy to utter a 

 noise simultaneously small and deep, nor, similarly, 

 large and high. Further, a deep voice seems to be 

 the mark of a nobler nature, and in melodies, too, 

 that which is deep-pitched is better than the high- 

 pitched, since deepness is a form of superiority, and 

 it is in superiority that betterness resides. In fact, 

 however, deep and high pitch of the voice is a different 

 matter from largeness and smallness of the voice, for 

 some animals which have high-pitched voices are 

 large-voiced, and in the same way some which have 

 deep-pitched voices are small-voiced ; and the same 

 appUes to the intermediate pitch between the two. 

 And what other means is there for defining large- 

 ness and smallness of voice apart from the volume of 

 that which is set in movement ? So then, if high and 

 deep pitch are to be distinguished according to the 

 definition mentioned above, the result will be that 

 any animal which has a deep voice will also have a 

 large one, and any which has a high voice will also 

 have a small one. And this is not true. The reason 

 is that the terms " large," " small," and " large 

 amount," " small amount " are sometimes used in an 

 absolute sense, sometimes relatively to each other. If 

 an animal has a large voice, this is because the amount 

 of that which is set in movement is large absolutely, 

 if small, the amount is small absolutely ; whereas high 

 pitch and low pitch are due to the amounts " involved 

 being large and small relatively to each other. Thus, 

 if that which is set moving exceeds the strength of 

 that which sets it moving, then that which is pro- 

 pelled is bound to go slowly ; if it is exceeded, it 



T 545 



