APPENDIX A 



MOVEMENT IN THE UPPER COSMOS AND IN THE 

 LOWER COSMOS ; THE HEAVENLY BODIES ; 

 ye'veais AND <^5opa ; TIME, PERIODS, CYCLES 



(Supplement to Book II, init. and Book IV, fin.) 



It will be seen that the terminology of the ttco passages above 

 mentioned reappears in the following account, much of which 

 is taken verbatim from the several passages to which reference 

 is given. I have not thought it necessary to draw attention to 

 all the parallels, as these will be obvious to the reader icho has 

 the passages of G.A. before him. 



(1) Met. A 1069 a 30 ff. There are three kinds of ovala : Three kinds 



f(«) eternal (atStos) ; of being. 



(I) sensible (oiff^Tp-ij) - (6) perishable {(fdapros), e.g., 



[ animals and plants ; 

 (2) immutable {aKivrp-os). 

 Immutable ovaia is the ovala of the unmoved mover 



(see below, § 3) ; 

 sensible and eternal ovala belongs to the " heaven " 



and the heavenly bodies (the stars and planets, 



including the Sun and Moon) ; 

 sensible and perishable ovala belongs to the things of 



the sublunary world (Earth, Air, etc., and the 



organisms made out of them, animals, plants, etc.)." 



(2) Dc caelo, e.g., 268-269, 289 a, 300 a 20 ff., etc. There are Five 

 five natural substances which compose the physical elements, 

 universe : 



Aither, whose nature it is to move eternally in a circle ; 

 this is the substance out of which the whole of the 

 L'pper Cosmos is made, viz., the " first heaven " (the 

 outermost shell or sphere) in which the stars are 



a See also App. A § 18. 



567 



