APPENDIX A 



plain <f>6opd. Thus yev€ms'and-<f>6opd is to be explained 

 not as being due to the primary (f>opd [i.e., the <j)opd of 

 the " first heaven "), but as being due to the (f>opd Kara. 

 Tov Xo^ov kvkXov — the movement along the circle of the 

 ecliptic, which is tilted. This, like the other, pKJssesses 

 continuity ; but also it is double, not single. Thus we 

 may say that the continuity is caused by the <f>opd of 

 "the Whole*' {i.e., the "first heaven"; the primary 

 <f>opd), while the alternation is produced by the inclina- 

 tion of the ecliptic, which makes the Sun alternately 

 approach and retreat. \\'hen the Sun approaches it 

 will cause yeVeais, when it retreats it will cause <f>dopd. 



(11) Now in consequence of this, natural (Kara (f)vai,v) yeveais TtVecrts 

 and (f>$opd occupy equal times for their accomplishment. ^^^ <i>6oiM 

 Hence both the times and the lives of all several things ^y 



have a " number " and by that number they are delimited "periods." 

 . . .and every life and time is measured by a period . ..: 

 for some, this period is the year ; for others, the period, 

 ichich is the measure, is greater, for others, smaller (8i6 

 Kcu 01 xpovoi Kox ol Pioi eKdoTOiv dpidnov exovat Kal tovtw 

 hiopit,ovTai. . . . /cat nds jSt'oj Kal XP^vos fierpeirai 

 ■jrepiohip . . . • TOi? p.kv ydp 6 iviavTOs, tols 8e pxi- 

 ^(i)v, Tots Se eXd-rrcov -q Treplobog eori to fiSTpov). He then 

 repeats that natural yeveais and <f>dopd occupy an equal 

 time : but, he adds, in point of fact things often <^et'pcTat 

 in a shorter time than this ; for since matter is uneven 

 (dvcu/xoAo? ; cf. his statement in G.A. W fin. about its 

 " indeterminateness " ), the yeveaeis of things are uneven 

 too, some being quicker and some slower than they 

 should be : and as a result of this the (f>dopd of other 

 things is affected, l>ecause the yevems of one set of things 

 is the <t>dopd of another. (See also App. B §§ 7-11.) 



(12) T€V€ms-and-(f>dopd is continuous, and shall never fail. Continuous 

 The reason is that Nature always strives after to ^eXriov, ye»«a-t5 a 

 and being is better than not-being ; but since being ^"Jl*^ al**^ 

 cannot be possessed by all things because they are too being. 



far away from the dpx^ ('.«'•, from God, the Unmoved 

 Mover), God " filled in '" the Whole in the manner that 

 remained open, viz., by making yeVewi? continuous ; that 

 was the way to ensure that as far as possible there 

 should be an unbroken chain of " being " throughout . 

 the universe, for the next best thing to " being " is that 



571 



