APPENDIX B 



Connate (6) 31. A., ch. 10. We have now established that it is ope|i? 



pneunia the 



instrument 



of Soul 



acting in 



its faculty 



of desire. 



'i.e., ipvxTQ operating in its faculty of desire — which is the 

 " formal " cause of movement : it Kivel Kivovfievov. But 

 tpvxtj is not material ; and in living bodies there must be 

 some physical substance (aai^a) too which Kivel Kivov/jifvov. 

 And this is the 211. It Kivel Ktvovfievov — Kivovixevov by 

 the dpxT] which is the ^vxrj ; and that is why the SII is 

 where it is. In fact, SIl is the " organ " or " instru- 

 ment " of movement (see also De anima III. 433 b 18), 

 capable of expanding and contracting, and in virtue of 

 that capability it can exert force and so cause movement. 

 And it causes movement by other means than aXXoicoms 

 {fxTj aXXocdiaei) ; it undergoes no qualitative change itself, 

 although it brings about changes of that sort in the parts 

 of the body (and in the embryonic material, as we shall 

 see). 



Summary. Thus we must insert a fourth term in the series as originally 

 stated in § 1 : 



(1) The object of desire, to opeKrov, which klvci ov 



Kivovfievov ; 



(2) Desire itself, opc^ty, which Kivel Kivovixevov ; 

 {-2a) Hvfi^vTov Hvcu/ia, which also Kivel KLvovfifvov ; 



(3) The animal, which Kivelrai, but Kivet nothing further. 



For further references to the action of the heart and the 

 pneiima, see below, §§ 31, 32. 



II. THE FUNXTION OF Sv><^utov HveC/xa IN GIVING 

 PHYSICAL EFFECT TO THE MOVEMENT OF 



dpenTiK-rj ( = yevvrjTiKrf) 0u;f^. 



Embryo \^) 



formed by 



means of 



connate 



pneuma. 



G.A. II. 741 b 37 ff. The parts of the embryo get de- 

 limited, marked out from each other {SioplCovrai), hy 

 pneuma, but this is neither the pneuma of the female 

 parent nor the embryo's own pneuma. This is proved 

 by the case of birds, fishes and insects : some are separate 

 from the parent, since they get their articulation in the 

 egg ; some do not breathe at all, being produced out of 

 larvae or eggs ; and even those which breathe and get 

 articulated in the womb do not breathe until their lungs 



578 



