APPENDIX B 



develop 

 nient of 

 embryo. 



pneuma 

 the instru- 

 ment of 

 generative 

 .Soul. 



of TTOiovv to Trdaxov, kivovv to Kivovfievov ; bxit so does the 

 Sn too (§ 6). In fact, it is the SIl which brings about the 

 "preparation of the instrumental parts" by causing in 

 them the dXXoiioais of which they are capable : it actualizes 

 their potentialities of changing from soft to hard, etc. 

 (6) in (10) Returning now to the passage of G.A., it would appear 

 that in the developing embryo also the SIl plays a 

 similar role. It will be the £11 which gives effect to the 

 formal cause in the semen so as to produce an embryo 

 of a particular kind, just as in the other case it gives 

 effect to the formal cause (viz., ope^is) and produces 

 movement of the limbs ; here, too, then it will actualize 

 the latent potentiality of the material, bringing about 

 in it (741 b 12 ff.) the dXXoicoais of which it is capable — 

 making it soft, hard, etc. 

 Connate (u) With this in mind we can go on and interpret the rest of 

 "" the passage which follows in G.A. II. 742-7 13. (1) The 



heart must be formed first, because it is the seat of the 

 Hn." (2) The <j>Xe^es extend from the heart all over the 

 body, and thus can act as channels for the blood (which 

 is the " matter ") and for the Sn" (which is the vehicle 

 of the " form," 729 b 20)— because {De resp. 480 a 10) " 

 all the <f>Xepes pulsate simultaneously with the heart, and 

 this pulsation is the pnevmatization of the fluid as it gets 

 heated in the heart. (3) Some of the " uniform parts "' 

 (by which term Aristotle means such things as flesh, 

 nail, horn, sinew, bone) are formed by heat, others by 

 cold ; and (740 b 1 8) the reasons why they are formed 

 are (a) that the female's " residue " is potentially what 

 the fully-formed animal itself is : all the parts are present 

 potentially in the residue ; and (6) that (<"/. the very 

 similar passage referring to opeKTiKTj i/ru;^ quoted in § 8 

 above) when " the active factor " and " the passive 

 factor " come into contact " in that way in which the 

 one is active and the other passive " (which means in the 

 right manner, in the right place and at the right time), 

 then immediately the one acts and the other is acted 



« These italicized phrases do not actually occur in the passage G.A. 

 742-743, but they are to be supplied from the doctrine of other passagf > 

 here examined (see below, § 32) ; and we must realize that they rejiic- 

 sent perhaps the chief consideration, though unexpressed, in Aristotle'^ 

 mind as he WTites the present passage. 



'' See § 31 below. 



580 



I 



