^ APPENDIX B 



female's " residue " with the same movement as that by 

 which it KLveirai itself. 



(15) Thus we have an exact parallel with the action of opcktikt] Three 

 i/wxTJ already examined above, § 6 : opeKTiK-fj tlwxq sets parallel 

 in movement the pneuma, the pnetima sets in movement theories. 

 the limbs ; dpeTrriKrj ( = yevvi7TiK^) i/'ux'? sets in movement 



the pneuma in the semen, the piuuma in the semen sets 

 in movement the material supplied by the female. 

 There is also a close parallel with the art of the carpenter 

 (730 b 15 flF.) : the carpenter, in whose ilwxri is the 

 " form " of the chair, moves his hands and instruments 

 with a movement appropriate to the object that is to be 

 made, and they in turn move the material so as to 

 produce the chair." In all three cases no material part 

 passes from the motive agent to the material on which 

 it is working, but the agent imparts the " form " to the 

 material by ineans of the movement which it sets up in 

 the instrument. 



(16) We have thus satisfied the requirement that only what Heart 

 is X ire actuality can produce another X out of material formed 

 which is potentially X : the parent which is X in actuality ^^^^' 

 produces another X out of the female's residue which is 



X potentially, but there is an intermediary, viz., the 

 jyneuma in the semen, which is an instrument possessing 

 the requisite movement, a movement which is identical 

 throughout, in parent, semen, and embryo (see also 

 734 b). The semen thus is i/n'X'? potentially (735 a 8) ; 

 and the first things which it produces in actuality are 

 dpeiTTucT] iffvxj and the physical seat thereof, viz., the 

 heart. Later it produces in actuality sensitive ipvx^ as 

 well. (Rational i/jvxrj, having no connexion with any 

 physical substance at all, comes in independently from 

 without ; 736 b). 



(17) A similar situation obtains in the case of spontaneous SponUne- 

 generation {762 a 18). Animals and plants are formed o»s genera- 

 in earth and in fluid because there is water in earth, and '''°"" 

 there is pneuma in water, and there is Soul -heat (Otpyxni^s 

 i/n/xiKT]) in all pneuma ; so that " in a way all things are 



full of i/iu;^." Hence plants and animals quickly form 

 once this gets enclosed ; and when this enclosing 



" For another auch reference to pneuma as an instrument used by 

 Xature, see O.A. 789 b 8 fl. 



583 



