BI.OOD. 143 



Degrees. 



Ox 104 to 99 



Rabbit 104 to 99-46 



Ape (Simia aigula) . . . 103-86 



Cat 103-6 to 98-6 



Bat (Vespertilio noctula) • .102 



Dog 101-3 to 99-3 



Guiuea-pig 100-4 to 96-37 



Hare 100 



Elephant 99-25 



Horse 9824 to 97 



There is no very great difference between the cetacea and the 

 other mammalia in respect to their temperature. The tempe- 

 rature of the seal and of the Greenland whale has been deter- 

 mined at 104°, and that of the porpoise has been found to vary 

 from 99°-5 to 95°-9. The temperature of the amphibia differs 

 veiy slightly from that of the suiTounding medium. Czermack^ 

 found that the temperature of a proteus was 63-5° when that 

 of the air was 55°-4, was 68°-25 w^hen the temperature of the 

 air was 63°- 5, and was 65° in water at 55° ; in water of which 

 the temperature was 44°-4, the temperature of a frog Avas 48°. 

 Dr. Da\y found the temperature of a snake 88°-46 in air of 

 81°-5, and 90° in air of 82°-94 ; the temperature of testudo 

 midas was 84°, while that of the air was 79°* 5. 



The temperatiire of fishes appears, from the experiments of 

 John Hunter, Dr. Daw, Broussinet, and others, to be from "7 

 to 2*7 degrees above that of the surrounding water.2 



It must be regarded as an established fact, that a certain 

 temperature is necessary for the continuance of animal life, and 

 that the source of this temperature must be sought for within 

 the organism, and must be looked upon as a consequence of 

 life itself. The production of heat cannot, however, be so 

 properly ascribed to any of the collective phenomena of life, as 

 to the chemical processes, which are known to develop warmth, 

 and the action of which we see in the metamorphoses ; and on 



• Baumgartner's und Ettinghausen's Zeitschrift fiir Physik und Mathematik, vol. 3, 

 p. 385. 



* [The theory of respiration, as the source of animal heat, invented by Lavoisier 

 and Laplace, as well as the critical experiments by which that theory was tested by 

 Dulong and Despretz, are too well known to require repetition ; neither need we 

 devote any space to the influence of tlie nerves on the generation of heat. The sub- 

 ject is fully discussed in Miiller's Physiology, translated by Dr. Baly, vol. 1, pp. 83-88 ; 

 first edition.] 



