.308 CIRCULATING FLUIDS : 



of salts, and an excess of water ; in this case we may therefore 

 speak of a red, bloody transudation. 



I. CYANOSES. 



Anamia and hydrmnia. 



The blood in anaemia is essentially different from the noraial 

 composition. If the ansemia has arisen from excessive loss of 

 blood, we may fairly assume that the total mass of that fluid has 

 diminished. This, in fact, constitutes true anaemia. The com- 

 position is, however, also changed ; it is poor in corpuscles and 

 in fibrin, because these constituents are not so easily supplied 

 as the albumen, which may be obtained at once from the lym- 

 phatics. The quantity of the solid constituents is also found 

 to be diminished, if the quantity of the corpuscles is (either 

 absolutely or relatively) decreased: the quantity of water is there- 

 fore increased, which induces the state of the blood known as 

 hydremia. Anaemia and hydra;mia cannot be well separated, 

 as a decrease in the solid constituents is usually produced by 

 every loss of blood. 



If the anaemia is caused by abnormal or deficient chylifica- 

 tion, the proper quantity of liquor sanguinis may be present, 

 while the corpuscles and fibrin are diminished : in this case, 

 also, the absolute quantity of solid constituents is lessened. 



The decrease of the solid constituents Avill probably attain 

 its maximum under the combined influences of an unhealthy 

 humid atmosphere, and improper, unsuitable nourishment. 

 Under these circumstances the blood will resemble a \dscid, 

 light-coloured watery fluid. 



I have not analysed the blood in any cases of anaemia, but 

 it is usually described as clear, watery, and viscid. The clot, if 

 it forms at all, is small, soft, and diffluent ; the fibrin, after it 

 has been separated by whipping, is not tough and firm, but soft 

 and viscid, and in the same state as it occm's in the chyle. The 

 serum is slightly coloured and transparent. It has not been 

 acciu'ately ascertained whether the salts are decreased or in a 

 normal proportion. 



In hydraemia, the serum (as has been observed by Ancell ), 

 is usually transparent, and contains only a small quantity of 



' Course of Lectures on tlic Blood. The Lancet, 18-10, p. 607. 



