Badlands Billy 
big and strong; the weaker must move out, and 
with them Yellow Wolf and the Dusky Cub. 
Wolves have no language in the sense that 
man has; their vocabulary is probably limited 
to a dozen howls, barks, and grunts expressing 
the simplest emotions; but they have several 
other modes of conveying ideas, and one very 
special method of spreading information—the 
Wolf-telephone. Scattered over their range 
are a number of recognized “ centrals.’”’ Some- 
times these are stones, sometimes the angle of 
cross-trails, sometimes a Buffalo-skull—indeed, 
any conspicuous object near a main trail is 
used. A Wolf calling here, as a Dog does at a 
telegraph post, or a Muskrat at a certain mud- 
pie point, leaves his body-scent and learns 
what other visitors have been there recently to 
do the same. He learns also whence they 
came and where they went, as well as some- 
thing about their condition, whether hunted, 
hungry, gorged, or sick. By this system of 
registration a Wolf knows where his friends, 
as well as his foes, are to be found. And 
Duskymane, following after the Yellow Wolf, 
was taught the places and uses of the many 
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