34 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 



similar slides of glass, on one of whicli, h, there was placed 

 pupae, while the other, m, was left empty. Sir John Lub- 

 bock watched two particular (marked) ants 

 proceeding from A to A and back again, 

 carrying the pupae on /t to the nest A^ 

 Whenever an ant came out of A upon B he 

 transposed the slips / and g. Therefore at 

 the angle below n there was a choice pre- 

 sented to the ant of taking the unscented 

 pathway leading to the full glass h, or the 

 c/J\g scented pathway leading to the empty glass 

 _ll ^ — , m. The two marked ants, knowing their 

 *" ' — ^ ' — '*" way, always took the right turn at the 

 ^^^' ^' angle ; but the stranger ants, being guided 

 only by scent, for the most part took the wrong turn at 

 the angle, so going to the empty glass m. For out of 150 

 stranger ants only 21 went to h, while the remaining 129 

 went to m. Still the fact that all the stranger ants did 

 not follow the erroneous scent-trail to m, may be taken to 

 indicate that they are also assisted in finding treasure by 

 the sense of sight, though in a lesser degree. Therefore 

 Sir John Lubbock concludes that in finding treasure ' they 

 are guided in some cases by sight, while in others they 

 track one another by scent.' 



As further evidence showing how much more ants de- 

 pend upon scent than upon sight in finding their way, the 

 following experiment may be quoted. In the accompany- 

 ing woodcut (Fig. 2) the line marked I, 2, 3 represents 

 the edge of a paper bridge leading to the nest ; A the 

 top of a pencil which is standing perpendicularly upon 

 a board, represented by the general black surface ; B 

 the top of the same pencil when moved a distance of 

 a few inches from its first position A. On the top 

 of this pencil were placed some pupae. Sir John Lub- 

 bock, after contriving this arrangement, marked an ant 

 and put it upon the pupae on the top of the pencil. 

 After she had made two journeys carrying pupae from the 

 pencil to the nest (the tracks she pursued being repre- 

 sented by the two thick white lines), while she was in the 

 nest he moved the pencil to its position at B. The thin 



