BIKDS— MEMORY. 267 



meet with satisfactory evidence of the memory of a bird 

 •endm-ing for a longer time than this. 



As it is a matter of interest in comparative psychology 

 to trace as far as possible into detail the similarities of a 

 mental faculty as it occurs in difierent groups of animals, and 

 as the faculty of memory first admits of detailed study in 

 the class which we are now considering, I shall here devote 

 a paragraph to the facts concerning the exhibition of 

 memory by birds where its mechanism best admits of being 

 analysed ; I refer to the learning of articulate phrases and 

 tunes by talking and musical birds. The best observa^ 

 tions in this connection with which I am acquainted are 

 those of Dr. Samuel Wilks, F.E.S., and therefore I shall 

 quote in extenso the portion of his paper which refers to 

 the memory of parrots : other portions of this paper I 

 shall have occasion to quote in my next work : — 



When my parrot first came into my possession, several years 

 ago, it was quite unlettered, and I therefoi'e had an opportunity 

 of observing the mode in which it acquired the accomplishment 

 of speech. I was very much struck with its manner of learn- 

 ing, and the causes for its speaking on special occasions. The 

 first seemed to resemble very much the method of children in 

 learning their lessons, and the second to be due to some associa- 

 tion or suggestion — the usual provocative for set speeches at all 

 periods of human life. A parrot is well known to imitate 

 sounds in a most perfect manner, even to the tone of the voice, 

 besides having a compass which no human being can approach, 

 ranging from the gravest to the most acute note. Mj bird, 

 though possessing a good vocabulary of words and sentences, 

 can only retain them for a few months unless kept constantly in 

 practice by the suggestive recurrence of some circumstance 

 which causes their continual utterance. If forgotten, however, 

 they are soon revived in the memory by again repeating them 

 a few times, and much more speedily than any new sentence can 

 be acquired. In beginning to teach the parrot a sentence, it has 

 to be repeated many times, the bird all the while listening most 

 attentively by turning the opening of the ear as close as pos- 

 sible to the speaker. After a few hours it is heard attempting 



liberty, cautiously eluded all his attempts ; and suddenly glancing his 

 eye on his distant companions, mounted in the air after them, soon 

 overtook and mingled with them, and was never afterwards seen to 

 return.' ' 



