452 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 



could not be interfered with, and fight out their quarrel on the 

 other side. What seems to me noteworthy in this conduct is 

 the self-restraint manifested under the influence of ^xission, and 

 the mutual understanding to defer the fight till they could pro- 

 secute it unmolested ; like two dueUists crossing the Channel to 

 fight in France. 



It is, of course, a well-known thing that dogs may 

 easily be taught the use of coin for buying buns, &c. 

 In the * Scottish Naturalist' for April, 1881, Mr. Japp 

 vouches for the fact that a collie which he knew was in 

 •the habit of purchasing cakes with coppers without ever 

 having been taught the use of coin for such purposes. 

 This fact, however, of a dog spontaneously divining 

 the use of money requires corroboration, although it 

 is certain that many dogs have an instinctive idea of 

 giving peace-oflferings, and the step from this to the 

 idea of barter may not be large. Thus, to give only two 

 illustrations, Mr. Badcock writes to me that a friend of his 

 had a dog which one day had a quarrel with a companion 

 dog, so that they parted at variance. ' On the next day 

 the friend appeared with a biscuit, which he presented as 

 a peace-offering.' Again, Mr. Thomas D. Smeaton writes 

 to me of his dog that he ' has an amusing practice when 

 he is restored to favour after some slight offence, of im- 

 mediately picking up and carrying anything that is 

 handiest, stone, stick, paper : it is a deliberate effort to 

 please, a sort of good-will offering, a shaking hands over 

 the past.' 



I am indebted for the following to Mr. Groodbehere, of 

 Birmingham ; it may be taken as typical of many similar 

 cases : — 



My friend (Mr. James Canning, of Birmingham) was ac- 

 quainted with a small mongrel dog who on being presented 

 with a penny or a halfpenny would run with it in his mouth to 

 a baker's, jump on to the top of the half-door leading into the 

 shop, and ring the bell behind the door until the baker came for- 

 ward and gave him a bun or a biscuit in exchange for the coin. 

 The dog would accept any small biscuit for a halfpenny, but no- 

 thing less than a bun would satisfy him for a penny. On one 

 occasion the baker (being annoyed at the dog's too frequent 

 visits), after receiving the coin, refused to give the dog any- 



