54 



Div. 1. VERTEBRATE ANIMALS.— MAMI^IALIA. Class 1. 



to the Galagos. Likewise, GalfEopithecus, -which Cuvier has placed after the Bats, hut which is 

 Tjemurine in all the essential details of its conformation.*] 



THE THIRD ORDER OF MAMMALIANS,— 



CARNARIAt,— 



Consists of an immense and varied assemblage of ungulculated quadrupeds, wliicli pos- 

 sess, in common with Man and the Quadrumana, the three sorts of teeth, but have no 

 opposable thumb to the fore-feet. | They all subsist on animal food, [some Bats ex- 

 cepted,] and the more exclusively so, as their grinders are more cutting. Such as 

 have them wholly or in part tuberculous, take more or less vegetable nourishment, and 

 those in which they are studded with conical points live principally upon insects. The 

 articulation of their lower jaw, directed crosswise, and clasping like a hinge, allows of 

 no lateral motion, but can only open and shut : [the latter, however, had already been 

 nearly lost in the Lemurs.] 



Their brain, though still tolerably convoluted, has no third lobe, and does not cover 

 the cerebellum, any more than in the following families ; the orbit is not separated 

 from tlie temporal fossa in the skeleton § ; the skull is narrowed, and the zygomatic 

 arches widened and raised, in order to give more strength and volume to the muscles 

 of the jaws. Their predominant sense is that of smell, and the pituitary membrane 

 is generally spread over numerous bony laminae. The fore-arm is still capable of re- 

 volving in nearly all of them, though with less facility than in the Quadrumana. The 

 intestines [save in the frugivorous Bats] are less voluminous, on account of the sub- 

 stantial nature of the aliment, and to avoid the putrefaction which flesh would undergo 

 in a more extended canal : [besides which, the requisite nutriment is more readily ex- 

 tracted from it.] 



As regards the rest, their forms and the details of their organization vary consider- 

 ably, and occasion analogous differences in their habitsU, insomuch tliat it is impossible 

 to arrange their genera in a single line ; and we are obliged to form them into several 

 families, which are variously connected by multiplied relations. 



• litre, at the cml of llic Qundriimiwir, may be npiiemlcd some in- 

 fiirnialUin, which unfortunately nrrived too liitc for insertion under 

 tlio generic hendii Cercopit/iecui nnd Cululiul. 



It h«i ju»t hecn asccrlnincd, by Mr. Martin, thnt the Mang.vde^-s 

 (f.Vrr.i/ii(4rrul alhinpt and /i/f'^-fwojii,, Aiut.) iiosscss tlie additional 

 Inbcrc'le on the Irut nioUr, found in ihe Maeaqucs, Doues, &c. ; 

 wi»cntc the name Cerrocrtini may now Itc continued to tlieni ex- 

 clualvcly, u a definite nubordinate group, more nearly related to tlie 

 true Monkryu than to the Macaquc^i, notwithstanding the structural 

 iharacter adverted to. Their hair, it may be remarked, is not grizzled 

 or nnnulnled, ai in both the Mncar|uC9 and Monkeys. 



Of the genua Colnliui, a perfect skin of C. leucomernl, Ogilby, has 

 necn received in Paris, which securely establishes that species. The 

 fare l« encircled with white hair, very lung on the sides j and the tail 

 also is white, ns in C UTiitiut. 



Hnally, a notice and figure have been just published of a species 

 dr.iimated Culubui verm, but which appears to me, both from its con- 

 to'jr and the description (which slates its hair to be annulated), to be 

 » thun-.bless CcTcui,iihecu$, allied to C. CampMlii. The negative 



character of wanting a thumb, only, will not constitute a Culoius, 

 — Kd. 



t Written Carnassiera by Cuvier.— Kd. 



t In one genus of Cheiroptera (Dysnpei), the binder thumbs of some 

 of the species incline to be opposable ; while tlie last trace of this 

 cbarai tur in the anterior limbs, would seem to be the freedom of the 

 thumb in the Bats generally, their fingers being all connected by 

 membrane. — En. 



§ At least not generally; but it is commonly so in the Mangoustes 

 {//er;)c»/(j), and allied genus CVnicfis ; also in \.\\e Felis pliiiiiccps : 

 it is nearly so in the frugivorous Chriruplcrn, and, it would seem, in 

 Taphozous among the insectivorous Bats. — 1-D, 



II This is a favourite mode of expression of our autlior ; but we 

 have reason rather to transpose the sequency, or, in other words, to 

 regard the habit as necessitating the jjarticular modifications of struc- 

 ture. Thus, on consideration, it will appear, that the productive 

 powers of nature ever exceeding the actu.il demand for such 

 multiplication, species upon species have been endowed with 

 the necessary organization to aid as successive checks upon 



